Wise Integration of Technology

The SAMR model 

The SAMR model is intended to help educators be purposeful in their integration of technology.  Each of the four steps in the model represent a different purpose for using the technology.  The first two, Substitution and Augmentation, enhance lessons while the second two, Modification and Redefinition transform the learning experience. The SAMR model is a spectrum of possibilities in the 21st century classroom.  It is important to note that there is a time and place for each of the four steps.  Technology must aid in the learning objectives for its role to be justified.

Examples for each of the four steps is listed at the bottom of this page.

Check out this video explanation!

The SAMR model helped me expand my understanding of wise integration of technology by breaking down the purpose of each of the steps in the model.  For example, if I am merely substituting technology with paper and pencil, I should be asking "what do I have to gain from this?"  The visual is also a great help because the steps are in a logical order, and are labeled as enhancement or transformation.  It is a great reminded to be purposeful in the technology choices made in the classroom.

Triple E Framework

The Triple E Framework is a research driven approach to enhancing learning with technology.  Its three components are the engagement in learning goals, enhancement of learning goals, and extensions of learning goals. It is different from other models because it focuses on how technology can help student achievement in learning objectives.  

Check out this video explanation!

This framework solidifies my understanding about wise integration of technology because it is directly aligned with learning objectives.  To me, it makes the most sense that technology is used to engage learners, enhance their experiences, and allow extensions.  While other models are more technical, this one feels more student centered.  

SAMR Examples
Substitution	v  Digital copy of reading v  PowerPoint/Google Slide presentation v  Typing in replace of writing on paper v  Online textbook/E-Book
Augmentation	v  Interactive links to a topic v  Video presentation
Modification	v  Creation of digital project- graphic organizer, PowerPoint, etc. v  Online collaboration on a project
Redefinition	v  Network with others from other parts of the world/country v  Collect data from people in other regions

Does Technology Influence Learning?

Does technology influence learning? Since the 20th century there has been a disagreement on whether or not technology affects education. Clark argues that technology is a tool that can be used in effective instruction. This tool is only effective at surface level, and will not be able to attain depth of knowledge on its own. He also notes that the research attempts of this subjects are inconclusive, as they would need replaceability tests. In one study, drill and practice achieved the same results in the classrooms with and without the technology. Kozma, however, believes that educational technology is a design science. If there is not yet a relationship between technology and learning, we can forge one. Rather than asking "does technology affect learning?", he is posing, "will technology affect learning someday?" To see video recap about this, click here. My position on this matter is with Clark. I do believe that the instruction is what matters, and the technology is a tool. I wanted to be on board with Kozma in his beliefs that we can create a way for technology to influence learning alone, but it doesn't fit with the psychology of learning. In Lev Vygotsky's social development theory, making meaning depends largely on social interaction, a more knowledgeable person, and the zone of proximal development. Technology can come into play here in all three aspects, but I do not believe it can replace the primal need of face to face. What media does do, is allow us to hit the four learning styles (whether you believe in those or not) in a shorter amount of time. I would like to note that this debate began in the 90's, and we still do not have a sufficient amount of studies in the field of educational technology. Without accurate studies, it would be irresponsible to claim that a deep level of meaning can be obtained virtually.